The dark fiber

In February 2010 Google launched a pilot project to create a high-speed network. This initiative aims to provide up to 1G bps speed Internet, has been chosen for this volume of 500,000 residential customers in the region of Kansas City (Missouri) at 3000 miles from San Francisco. Depending on the progress of the project area will be expanded application.

The whole idea is to test new ways of deploying fiber networks and build a model of a network of free access under the rules of net neutrality.
Achieving this goal would mean multiplying by 100 the current bandwidth, it could send full length videos in high definition in a few minutes, or play 3D video conferencing platforms.
The cabling infrastructure of communication used is called "dark fiber", which refers to fiber optic cable that has already been established, but has not yet been put into use. In the U.S. there are thousands of miles of dark fiber available.

With this ambitious project Google is taking its first step in connecting fiber trunk to the homes of consumers. And with that bandwidth the number of services it can offer is very broad, perhaps you can launch Google Voice service, or an Android phone which lets you talk over WiFi.

More information in http://googlefiberblog.blogspot.com